1295 Ilex aquifolium L.

This species has mainly an oceanic and suboceanic distribution in Europe and adjacent part of Asia (see below). It is often cultivated, also beyond the limit of its natura! occurrence. On the southern coasts of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea subsp. caspica (Loes.) Rech. (syn.: I. colchica Pojark.) occurs. Fossils of this species are found in interglacial layers inside and outside (circles) the area of recent distribution. Cf. also Meusel et al. 1978, map p. 274.