1336 Viola biflora L.

This widespread arctic to subarctic-montane species includes subsp. biflora occurring in Eurasia and northwestern N. America. The population in Caucasus is distinguished as subsp. caucasica Rupr. In the E. and SE. Asiatic mountains, as well as in the Rocky Mts., closely related species occur, which are mapped here (V. crassa Makino, V. avatschensis Bckr. & Hult., V. orbiculata Geyer, V. szetschwanensis Bckr.). Cf. also Meusel et al. 1978, map p. 292.