1731 Lonicera caerulea L.

Within this polymorphic, Eurasiatic species several lower taxa are distinguished. These are more or less well-defined and geographically well-known (cf. Fl. Eur. 4/1976, p. 46). Besides subsp. caerulea in C. Europe, the following taxa are tentatively mapped, viz. subsp. baltica (Pojark.) in the Baltic states and Fennoscandia (probably not native in F.), subsp. pallasii (Ledeb.) Brow. in N. Russia and W. and C. Siberia, subsp. iliensis (Pojark.) in E. Russia and W. Siberia, subsp. turczaninowii (Pojark.) in C. and E. Asia, subsp. edulis (Turcz.) from E. Asia to the Himalayan Mts., subsp. stenantha (Pojark.) in the C. Asiatic mountains and subsp. buschiorum (Pojark.) in Caucasus. The counterpart of L. caerulea in N. America is L. villosa (Michx) R. & S. Of this C. and E. American species four varieties, besides var. villosa, are distinguished and tentatively mapped here, viz. var. calvescens (Fem. & Wieg.) Fem., var. solonis (Eat.) Fem., var. tonsa Fem. and var. fulleri Fem. (cf. Fernald, Manual 1950, p. 1333). A separate species is L. cauriana Fem. in western N. America. Altogether this complex has a circumpolar distribution (Hultén, Circumpol. Il, p. 368 f. and map 146).