1685 Odontites litoralis Fr.

Syn.: O. verna (Bell.) Dum. subsp. litoralis (Fr.) Nym.

This species (or subspecies) occurs along North European sea shores. For the British Isles see Britt Snogerup in Watsonia 14/1982, map p. 36. A subsp. fennica Markl. is distinguished from the Finnish Bay (Marklund in Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 72/1955, p. 1-18). Recently Snogerup has published separate maps of O. litoralis subsp. litoralis and subsp. fennica in northwestern Europe (Acta Bot. Fenn. 124/1983, p. 9 and 11).