1310 Hippophae rhamnoides L.

This Eurasiatic species s. lat. includes nine subspecies (according to Rousi in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8/1971, p. 177-227), each one with rather distinct distribution areas from the Pyrenees eastwards through C. Europe, Caucasus and the C. Asiatic mountains to the highlands of N. China. Further, there are the closely related species H salicifolia D. Don (mapped here) and H. tibetana Schlecht., both in the C. Asiatic mountains (map in Rousi, op. cit., pi. I). H. rhamnoides is sometimes cultivated, mainly at the coasts of W. Europe and the British Isles, and certainly more than the map shows. It has then spread into the surroundings. Fossils (pollen, stellate hairs) are found in late-glacial and early postglacial layers in areas far from the seashore, indicating the pioneer character of this plant (cf. Sandegren in Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 37 /1943, p. 1–26; Hafsten in Blyttia 24/1966, p. 196–215; Srodon in Acta Geogr. Lodz. 24/1970, p. 413-414 (map); Hultén, Atlas 1971, map 1269; Reynaud in Boreas 5/1976, p. 9-24). Cf. also Meusel et al. 1978, map p. 296.