1857 Carduus crispus L.

This species occurs as an indigenous and adventive plant in most of Europe (except S) and W. and C. Asia. It has been favoured by human settlement and introduced into E. Asia and eastern N. America. - For the North European species of the genus, see further Kazmi's Carduus monography in Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Mi.inchen 5/1964, p. 2 79ff. C crispus is mapped there on p. 520f.