Atlas of North European vascular plants
Hultén & Fries 1986
623 Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. complex
This widespread, almost circumpolar complex of species or subspecies includes A. viridis s. str. (subsp. viridis) in C. and SE. Europe and subsp. suaveolens (Req.) P. W. Ball (the dot on Corsica), further A. fruticosa Rupr., distributed from NE. Europe to E. Siberia with unclear dividing-line to A. crispa (Ait.) Pursh, from E. Siberia through N. America to Greenland, A. sinuata (Regel) Rydb. in the Pacific region, A. maximowiczii Call. in Japan and adjacent areas, and A. manchurica (Call.) Hand.-Mazz. in C. and E. Asia. The distribution limits are partly tentative, to a great extent owing to the taxonomical uncertainties in this complex. Cf. also Meusel et al. 1965, map p. 119.