Atlas of North European vascular plants
Hultén & Fries 1986
812 Nymphaea alba L. subsp. alba
This subspecies is mainly restricted to Europe. The distribution is not clear in areas where this subspecies and subsp. candida (no. 813) occur together, for instance in Fennoscandia and N. Russia. Cf. also Meusel et al. 1965, map p. 153. Hybrids with subsp. candida are recorded. The NW. European N. occidentalis (Ostenf.) Moss (Hultén, Atlas 1971, map 767) is included on this map. According to F l. Eur. 1/1964, p. 205, it does not merit specific rank. The N. American, closely related N. odorata Ait. is also mapped.